Search results for "width [beam]"

showing 10 items of 168 documents

Evidence for narrow Δ0(1232) states in the 12 C(e,e'pπ−}11 C Reaction

1999

The reaction 12C(e,e'Δ0)11C →12C(e,e'pπ−)11C was investigated at the Mainz Microtron MAMI in a triple coincidence measurement using the three spectrometer setup of the A1 Collaboration. The good missing mass resolution of σm= 0.27 MeV/c2 allowed to select the events belonging to the ground state of 11C. Cutting on these events the excitation energy spectra of 12CΔ0 show evidence for two peaks of about 4 MeV width (FWHM) at 282 MeV and 296 MeV with a significance of about 4.5 standard deviations. The peaks are interpreted in a simple weak coupling model as bound Δ0 states in 12CΔ0.

Nuclear physicsPhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsFull width at half maximumSpectrometerHadronNuclear fusionGround stateMicrotronExcitationSpectral lineThe European Physical Journal A
researchProduct

Hypernuclear Spectroscopy at JLab Hall C

2010

Abstract Since the 1st generation experiment, E89-009, which was successfully carried out as a pilot experiment of (e,e'K+) hypernuclear spectroscopy at JLab Hall C in 2000, precision hypernuclear spectroscopy by the (e,e'K+) reactions made considerable progress. It has evolved to the 2nd generation experiment, E01-011, in which a newly constructed high resolution kaon spectrometer (HKS) was installed and the “Tilt method” was adopted in order to suppress large electromagnetic background and to run with high luminosity. Preliminary high-resolution spectra of 7 Λ He and 28 Λ Al together with that of 12 Λ B that achieved resolution better than 500 keV(FWHM) were obtained. The third generation…

Nuclear physicsPhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physicsFull width at half maximumLuminosity (scattering theory)Electron spectrometerSpectrometerResolution (electron density)Calibrationhypernuclear; electroproduction; kaon spectrometer; electron spectrometerSpectroscopySpectral lineNuclear Physics A
researchProduct

Identification of a Hammerstein model for DC/DC converters operating in CCM

2005

This paper deals with a method for identification of a Hammerstein model of DC-DC converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). This model has the duty cycle and the output voltage as input and output, respectively; it consists of a static nonlinearity and a linear and time-invariant model. The aim of the modeling the system by means of a Hammerstein model is due to its capability of describing the converter in a range of steady-state operating points instead of a desired well defined operating point as occurs for the small-signal models which are the more common mathematical description to approach the study of the converters themselves. The nonlinear characteristic of the Hamm…

Operating pointEngineeringbusiness.industryLinear modelSteady-state operating systemConvertersContinuous conduction mode (CCM)Nonlinear systemSettore ING-INF/04 - AutomaticaDuty cycleControl theoryTransient responseTransient (oscillation)businessHammerstein modelPulse-width modulation
researchProduct

User bandwidth usage-driven HNN neuron excitation method for maximum resource utilization within packet-switched communication networks

2006

Mobile and wireless systems beyond 3G are being designed under the user-centric paradigm. Dynamic resource allocation (DRA) is a topic on intensive research to address efficiently such paradigm. Hopfield neural networks (HNN) have proved useful in the past to solve this kind of complex optimization problems. Recently, various approaches have been proposed to realize HNN-based user-centric DRA. However, the initial algorithms suffer from severe instability problems impacting the overall performance. This letter analyses the source of the existing limitations and proposes an enhanced formulation, ensuring maximum resource utilization while optimizing the convergence of the neural network. The…

Optimization problemArtificial neural networkWireless networkbusiness.industryComputer scienceDistributed computingTelecommunications networkComputer Science ApplicationsPacket switchingBandwidth allocationModeling and SimulationBandwidth (computing)Resource allocationResource managementElectrical and Electronic EngineeringbusinessComputer networkIEEE Communications Letters
researchProduct

Half-width plots, a simple tool to predict peak shape, reveal column kinetics and characterise chromatographic columns in liquid chromatography: Stat…

2013

Peak profiles in chromatography are characterised by their height, position, width and asymmetry; the two latter depend on the values of the left and right peak half-widths. Simple correlations have been found between the peak half-widths and the retention times. The representation of such correlations has been called half-width plots. For isocratic elution, the plots are parabolic, although often, the parabolas can be approximated to straight-lines. The plots can be obtained with the half-widths/retention time data for a set of solutes experiencing the same kinetics, eluted with a mobile phase at fixed or varying composition. When the analysed solutes experience different resistance to mas…

Peak profiles in chromatography are characterised by their height position width and asymmetry; the two latter depend on the values of the left and right peak half-widths. Simple correlations have been found between the peak half-widths and the retention times. The representation of such correlations has been called half-width plots. For isocratic elution the plots are parabolic although often the parabolas can be approximated to straight-lines. The plots can be obtained with the half-widths/retention time data for a set of solutes experiencing the same kinetics eluted with a mobile phase at fixed or varying composition. When the analysed solutes experience different resistance to mass transfer the plots will be solute dependent and should be obtained with the data for each solute eluted with mobile phases at varying composition. The half-width plots approach is a simple tool that facilitates the prediction of peak shape (width and asymmetry) with optimisation purposes reveal the interaction kinetics of solutes in different columns and characterise chromatographic columns. This work shows half-width plots for different situations in isocratic elution including the use of different flows the effect of temperature the modification of the stationary phase surface by an additive the existence of specific interactions within the column and the comparison of columns. The adaptation to gradient elution is also described. Previous knowledge on half-width plots is structured and analysed to which new results are added.Work (thermodynamics)Column characterisationmedia_common.quotation_subjectKineticsLiquid chromatographyAnalytical chemistryHalf-widthsInteraction kineticsBiochemistryAsymmetryAnalytical ChemistryPeak shapeColumn (typography)Position (vector)Mass transferPhase (matter)media_commonChromatographyElutionChemistryOrganic ChemistryGeneral MedicineModels TheoreticalKineticsPredictionChromatography LiquidJournal of Chromatography A
researchProduct

Investigations of Low Temperature Phase Transitions in BiFeO3Ceramic by Infrared Spectroscopy

2011

In this paper, results of new infrared FIR-MIR measurements (wavenumber range of 4000–100 cm−1) in the range of the temperature 300 ÷ 8 K of the BiFeO3 ceramic are presented. Below 200 K only one symmetric band at ca. 800 cm−1 is visible. The full width at half maximum of this band decreases exponentially on cooling. The shape of the band at ca. 545 cm−1connected with A1 (TO) mode also changes between 60–40 K, this is in the vicinity of the phase transition at 50 K. Initially a broad band reveals its components as shoulder bands. Theirs FWHM decrease with cooling.

Phase transitionMaterials sciencemultiferroicsInfraredbusiness.industryInfrared spectroscopyH bandbismuth ferriteCondensed Matter PhysicsMolecular physicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsFull width at half maximumchemistry.chemical_compoundOpticschemistryvisual_artBiFeO_3IRvisual_art.visual_art_mediumWavenumberCeramicbusinessBismuth ferriteFerroelectrics
researchProduct

Deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs)

2017

The authors acknowledge the University of St Andrews for financial support. The authors also acknowledge financial support from the European Union H2020 project INFORM (grant 675867), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) via the Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu MDM-2015-0538, MAT2014-55200 and the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo/2016/135). MLP acknowledges support from a Grisolia grant (GRISOLIA/2015/A/146). Two deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters ( imCzDPS and imDPADPS ) that contain charged imidazolium groups tethered to the central luminophore were designed and synthesized as small molecule organic emitters for light-emitting e…

PhotoluminescenceMaterials scienceDopingNanotechnologyDAS02 engineering and technologyGeneral ChemistryElectroluminescenceNanosecond010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPhotochemistryQD Chemistry01 natural sciences7. Clean energyFluorescence0104 chemical sciencesFull width at half maximumchemistry.chemical_compoundMicrosecondchemistryMaterials ChemistryLuminophoreQD0210 nano-technology
researchProduct

Fiber-based planar antennas for spectroscopy and sensing

2021

Fluorescence detection is a well-established method for spectroscopy and sensing. However, since dye molecules are dipolar light sources, a large fraction of the emitted photons can be lost. An effective approach to overcome this problem relies on a planar antenna configuration, which beams the radiation pattern of the dye into a narrow cone. A planar antenna works like a Yagi-Uda antenna, but reflector and director elements are made of thin metal films. Here, by introducing a scanning optical fiber, which incorporates the reflector or the director, we demonstrate a tunable planar antenna for spectroscopic and sensing applications. Our results show that the radiation pattern narrows down to…

PhotonOptical fiberMaterials sciencebusiness.industryPhysics::OpticsReflector (antenna)law.inventionRadiation patternFull width at half maximumDipoleOpticslawAntenna (radio)businessSpectroscopyNanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XVIII
researchProduct

Design of Zero-Ripple-Current Coupled Inductors With PWM Signals in Continuous Conduction Mode

2021

Coupled inductors are widely used in multiple outputs and interleaved dc–dc converters. Also filters often use coupled inductors as their inductive part. A generalized design procedure is proposed in this article focused on current ripple minimization and applicable to coupled inductors exposed to pulsewidth modulation signals and in continuous conduction mode. The design provides a very large inductance for all windings but one. Compared to other designs, it adapts to the existing magnetic properties of the magnetic device changing only the inductance ratio, simplifying the design and manufacturing process. It is based on the equivalent inductance value and its divergences. The only assump…

Physics020208 electrical & electronic engineeringRippleEquivalent series inductance02 engineering and technologyInductorTopologyComputer Science::OtherInductanceMagnetic coreControl and Systems EngineeringElectromagnetic coil0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringElectrical and Electronic EngineeringPulse-width modulationCoupling coefficient of resonatorsIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
researchProduct

Collapse and revival of a Dicke-type coherent narrowing in potassium vapor confined in a nanometric-thin cell

2015

A nanometer-thin-cell (in the direction of laser beam propagation) has been elaborated with the thickness of the atomic vapor column varying smoothly in the range of $L = \unit[50-1500]{nm}$. The cell allows one to study the behavior of the resonance absorption over the $D_1$ line of potassium atoms by varying the laser intensity and the cell thickness from $L = \lambda / 2$ to $L = 2 \lambda$ with the step $\lambda/2$ ($\lambda =\unit[770]{nm}$ is the resonant wavelength of the laser). It is shown that despite the huge Doppler broadening ($>\unit[0.9]{GHz}$ at the cell temperature $\unit[170]{^{\circ}C}$), at low laser intensities a narrowing of the resonance absorption spectrum is observe…

PhysicsAbsorption spectroscopyAtomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)FOS: Physical sciencesPhysics::OpticsCondensed Matter PhysicsLaser01 natural sciencesAtomic and Molecular Physics and Opticslaw.inventionPhysics - Atomic Physics010309 opticsOptical pumpingWavelengthFull width at half maximumLaser linewidthlaw0103 physical sciencesPhysics::Atomic PhysicsAtomic physics010306 general physicsLine (formation)Doppler broadening
researchProduct